石墨烯热电器件栅控特性研究

为了获得一种稳定可控的能源，提出一种栅控石墨烯热电器件。通过对石墨烯通道的载流子输运机理的分析，获得了温度和栅压对通道电阻的影响。依据半经典Mott公式推导了石墨烯塞贝克系数的表达式，同时给出了石墨烯的电导率和热导率模型。最后通过有限元分析(FEA)建模获得不同栅压条件下的器件温度，当栅极电压V_B=0 V时，石墨烯热电器件热端和冷端温度差为30 K；当V_B=6 V时，最大温差达到50 K；当V_B=30 V时，最小温差只有10 K。结果表明，栅压对热电器件的性能有明显的调控性。该研究可为石墨烯热电器件的设计提供理论参考。     

操作窗口对排风柜污染物控制效果影响的实验研究

为提升排风柜的控污能力,在排风柜性能测试实验台上,采用示踪气体测试法和正交试验法,研究了操作窗口竖直开度、水平开度、面风速和操作窗口位置对排风柜前呼吸区污染物控制效果的影响。极差分析和方差分析结果表明:各因素对呼吸区污染物控制效果影响的强弱顺序依次为竖直开度、水平开度、面风速、操作窗口位置;操作窗口水平开度、竖直开度增大,排风柜对呼吸区的污染物控制效果减弱;面风速增大,控制效果增强;水平开度与竖直开度对控制浓度的影响存在较大的相关性,这2个因素对控制浓度的影响仅在另一因素达到一定水平后才能体现。     

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive SBS/Graphene Composite Fiber for Strain Sensors

Flexible strain sensors have attracted tremendous interests due to the emergence of intelligent wearable technology. Electrically conductive fibers are desirable candidates for flexible strain sensors, but up til now, there still exist enormous challenges to obtain conductive fibers exhibiting simultaneously high stretchability and high strain sensitivity. This paper introduces a poly (styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS)/graphene (Gr) composite fiber‐based flexible strain sensor fabricated by a facile and highly scalable wet spinning method. The results demonstrate that the graphene content has significant influence on the morphology, mechanical properties, and electromechanical properties of the composite fibers. The fibers with 5 wt% graphene have a wide response range of up to 100% strain, a high electrical sensitivity with the gauge factor of 10083.98 at 100% strain, and meanwhile, a high level of stability for 2100 stretching–releasing cycles under an applied strain of 20%. Furthermore, the SBS‐5%Gr composite fibers display excellent sensing performance in detecting human upper limb movements at different joints including hand joints, wrist joints, elbow joints, and shoulder joints.     

基于射流冲击作用的舰机适配性数值分析与优化

准确分析和控制射流冲击对航母甲板环境的影响是新型喷气偏流板设计和布局的关键所在。为了确定射流冲击影响最小的偏流板布局，运用有限体积法，采用分区混合网格方案，结合雷诺时均纳维斯托克斯（RANS）方程和SST k-ω湍流模型对喷气偏流板在不同布局下的射流冲击效应进行三维数值模拟。选取舰载机双发动机全加力状态时喷气偏流板与发动机距离不同、喷气偏流板倾角不同共12种布局组合进行射流冲击效应的对比计算,计算结果显示了喷气偏流板各布局下的流场参数、传热特性、尾喷口温升、冲击力和力矩等分布规律。定性和定量分析了燃气射流冲击下温度场和速度场的危险区域，结果表明，偏流板与发动机距离5 m、偏流板倾角45°时的布局更有利于将燃气射流向上引导。在此基础上，基于倾角最小化原则及二次导流原理优化设计了一种导流隔热性能好、工作稳定性高的被动隔热式喷气偏流板装置。     

基于电润湿效应的自变焦补偿光学系统

变焦光学系统是照相机、摄像机等许多光学器件中的关键元件，实现变焦光学系统的微小型化及增大系统的变倍比是一个长期目标。研制了一种三液体自变焦补偿透镜，可在外加电压作用下实现自变焦补偿功能，因此该透镜元件本身可以作为一个简单的变焦光学系统。通过高斯光学理论分析及Zemax模拟仿真验证了该系统的自变焦补偿功能。结果表明，该系统焦距变化范围为378～424 mm，变倍比为1.217，达到了预期目标，对变焦光学系统的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

A derivative UKF for tightly coupled INS/GPS integrated navigation

The tightly coupled INS/GPS integration introduces nonlinearity to the measurement equation of the Kalman filter due to the use of raw GPS pseudorange measurements. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a typical method to address the nonlinearity by linearizing the pseudorange measurements. However, the linearization may cause large modeling error or even degraded navigation solution. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a nonlinear measurement equation by including the second-order term in the Taylor series of the pseudorange measurements. Nevertheless, when using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to the INS/GPS integration for navigation estimation, it causes a great amount of redundant computation in the prediction process due to the linear feature of system state equation, especially for the case with system state vector in much higher dimension than measurement vector. To overcome this drawback in computational burden, this paper further develops a derivative UKF based on the constructed nonlinear measurement equation. The derivative UKF adopts the concise form of the original Kalman filter (KF) to the prediction process and employs the unscented transformation technique to the update process. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the derivative UKF can achieve higher accuracy with a much smaller computational cost in comparison with the traditional UKF.     

Modeling trade-offs among ecosystem services in agricultural production systems

Although agricultural ecosystems can provide humans with a wide set of benefits agricultural production system management is mainly driven by food production. As a consequence, a need to ensure food security globally has been accompanied by a significant decline in the state of ecosystems. In order to reduce negative trade-offs and identify potential synergies it is necessary to improve our understanding of the relationships between various ecosystem services (ES) as well as the impacts of farm management on ES provision. We present a spatially explicit application that captures and quantifies ES trade-offs in the crop systems of Llanada Alavesa in the Basque Country. Our analysis presents a quantitative assessment of selected ES including crop yield, water supply and quality, climate regulation and air quality. The study is conducted using semantic meta-modeling, a technique that enables flexible integration of models to overcome the service-by-service modeling approach applied traditionally in ES assessment.     

浅谈短波天线的维护和保养

随着小功率短波实验台的不断建设，如何更好的利用和维护天线成了各短波实验台站关注的问题。本文以我台的垂直笼型天线为例进行介绍。垂直笼型天线在短波广播频段的中低频段具有较强的地波全向辐射能力，主要用于对城区和附近周边地区进行压制干扰。     

Chromophore-Free Sealing and Repair of Soft Tissues Using Mid-Infrared Light-Activated Biosealants

Poor strength, infection, leakage, long procedure times, and inflammation limit the efficacy of common tissue sealing devices in surgeries and trauma. Light-activated sealing is attractive for tissue sealing and repair, and can be facilitated by the generation of local heat following absorption of nonionizing laser energy by chromophores. Here, the inherent ability of biomaterials is exploited to absorb nonionizing, mid-infrared (midIR) light in order to engender rapid photothermal sealing and repair of soft tissue wounds. In this approach, the biomaterial simultaneously acts as a photothermal convertor as well as a biosealant, which dispenses the need for exogeneous light-absorbing nanoparticles or dyes. Biomechanical recovery, mathematical modeling, histopathology analyses, tissue strain mapping using digital imaging correlation, and visualization of the biosealant-tissue interface using hyperspectral imaging indicate superior performance of midIR sealing in live mice compared to conventional sutures and glue. The midIR-biosealant approach demonstrates rapid sealing of soft tissues, improves cosmesis, lowers potential for scarring, obviates safety concerns because of the nonionizing light used, and allows adoption of a wide diversity of biomaterials. Taken together, the studies demonstrate a novel advance both in biomaterials for surgical sealing along with the use of nonionizing midIR light, with high potential for clinical translation.     

Effect of surcharge loading rate and mobilized load ratio on the performance of vacuum–surcharge preloading with PVDs

The results from three laboratory model tests performed under various vacuum and surcharge loads with PVDs are reported. Different SLRs were adopted to investigate the effect on the consolidation of dredged soil. To measure the lateral displacement, a refitted inclinometer was developed and tested. In the tests, the settlement, lateral displacement, and vane shear strength were measured, and the degree of consolidation (DOC), horizontal coefficient of consolidation (C_h), and bearing capacity were calculated. The results indicate that larger SLR values promote consolidation. The largest vane shear strength, settlement, and C_h values were all obtained under the highest SLR, and the bearing capacity under this SLR was more than double that under the lowest SLR. The DOC was found to increase with the growth of the SLR. However, considering the vacuum pressure was higher in Case-III, the influence of SLR on reinforcement effect may not be so significant.